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A.__Alleging paternity and stating facts establishing a | reasonable probability of the requisite sexual contact between | the individuals; or |
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| B.__Denying parentage and stating facts establishing a | possibility that sexual contact between the individuals, if | any, did not result in the conception of the child. |
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| | 2.__No presumed parent, acknowledged father or adjudicated | parent.__A support enforcement agency may order genetic testing | only if there is no presumed parent, acknowledged father or | adjudicated parent. |
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| | 3.__In utero testing.__If a request for genetic testing of a | child is made before birth, the court or support enforcement | agency may not order in utero testing. |
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| | 4.__Concurrent or sequential testing.__If 2 or more men are | subject to court-ordered genetic testing, the testing may be | ordered concurrently or sequentially. |
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| | (This is section 502 of the UPA.) |
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| | Source: UPA (1973) § 11; 42 U.S.C. § 666(a)(5)(B)(i) requiring | genetic testing in certain cases, see Appendix: Federal IV-D | Statute Relating to Parentage, infra. |
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| | The progress that science has made in understanding molecular | genetics since the promulgation of UPA (1973) is phenomenal. | Subsection (a) speaks to testing of a "designated individual" | other than of the "mother, and alleged or presumed father" to | take into account the fact that testing for paternity may proceed | without testing the mother. Further, testing may also proceed | without testing the alleged father by testing close relatives of | that man. Moreover, the right of the court to order testing is | not absolute; §§ 607-609 place limitations on genetic testing if | the child has a presumed, acknowledged, or adjudicated father. |
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| | Subsection (c) is intended to prevent the court from ordering | the mother to undergo prenatal testing, such as through | amniocentesis or other in utero collection method. These | procedures pose a measurable risk to the life and health of both | the fetus and the mother. If the mother volunteers for such | testing, she may undergo prenatal sample collection for parentage | determination. |
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